Social Entrepreneurship: a poorly recognised element of Entrepreneurship Education at HE institutions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24917/20833296.181.10Keywords:
case study, entrepreneurship education, higher education institutions, social entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship educationAbstract
Entrepreneurship has become a critical competency in the 21st century. Higher education (HE) institutions, aware of the need to answer market needs, have started several initiatives to develop entrepreneurial education. However, the concept of social entrepreneurship does not seem to be widely known among graduates. The aim of the article is an attempt to assess entrepreneurial competencies and knowledge in the field of social entrepreneurship. The authors have focused on the teaching of social entrepreneurship, an undervalued element of entrepreneurial education in HE institutions. For that purpose, a case study of a course introduced at the academic level was used, which allowed answering the following questions: Is social entrepreneurship known among students as a possibility for entrepreneurial development? How do they assess a course in social entrepreneurship regarding its usefulness and ability to develop competencies? The study shows that social entrepreneurship seems to be a form that is not well recognised, which means that students do not even have the chance to know the whole entrepreneurship picture. Researwch has shown students’ positive approach to a course devoted to social entrepreneurship and its potential to develop the knowledge and skills to run one’s venture in the future. The results are a part of a broader trend related to the need for social entrepreneurship in HE institutions.
References
Austin, J., Stevenson, H., Wei‐Skillern, J. (2012). Social and Commercial Entrepreneurship: Same, Different, or Both?. Revista de Administração, 47(3), 370–384. https://doi/org/10.5700/rausp1055
Barba-Sánchez, V., Atienza-Sahuquillo, C. (2018). Entrepreneurial Intention Among Engineering Students: The Role of Entrepreneurship Education. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 24, 53–61. https://doi/org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2017.04.001
Bergmann, H., Geissler, M., Hundt, C., Grave, B. (2018). The Climate for Entrepreneurship at Higher Education Institutions. Research Policy, 47, 700–716. https://doi/org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.01.018
Bosma, N.S., Schøtt, T., Terjesen, S.A., Kew, P. (2016; 2021, 7 October). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2015 to 2016: Special Report on Social Entrepreneurship. Global Entrepreneurship Research Association. Retrieved from: http://articles.ssrn.com/sol3/articles.cfm?abstract_id=2786949
Chaves, Á.R., Monzón Campos, J.L. (2019). Recent Evolutions of the Social Economy in the European Union. CIRIEC Working Articles 1902. CIRIEC-Université de Liège.
Chell, E. (2007). Social Enterprise And Entrepreneurship: Towards A Convergent Theory Of The Entrepreneurial Process. International Small Business Journal, 25, 5–26. https://doi/org/10.1177/0266242607071779
Choi, N., Majumdar, S. (2014). Social Entrepreneurship as an Essentially Contested Concept: Opening a New Avenue for Systematic Future Research. Journal of Business Venturing, 29, 363–376. https://doi/org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.05.001
Commission of the European Communities. (2006; 2021, 8 October). Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions implementing the Community Lisbon Programme: fostering entrepreneurial mindsets through education and learning. 33 final. Retrieved from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A52006DC0033
European Commission. (2008; 2021, 8 October). Entrepreneurship in Higher Education, Especially within Non-Business Studies. Final Report of the Expert Group. Retrieved from: http://ec.europa.eu/docs-room/documents/8969/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/native)
Etzkowitz, H., Webster, A., Gebhardt, C., Terra, B., Cantisano, R. (2000). The Future of The University and the University of the Future: Evolution of Ivory Tower to Entrepreneurial Paradigm. Research Policy, 29, 313–330. https://doi/org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00069–4
Franco, M., Haase, H., Lautenschläger, A. (2010). Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions: An Inter-Regional Comparison. Education + Training, 52, 260–275. https://doi/org/10.1108/00400911011050945
Franke, N., Lüthje, C. (2004). Entrepreneurial Intentions of Business Students: A Benchmarking Study. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 1, 269–288. https://doi/org/0.1142/S0219877004000209
Huybrechts, B., Nicholls, A. (2012). Social Entrepreneurship: Definitions, Drivers and Challenges. In: C. Volkmann, K. Tokarski, K. Ernst (eds.), Social entrepreneurship and social business. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 31–48. https://doi/org/10.1007/978-3-8349-7093-0_2
Kirby, D.A., Nagwa, I. (2011). The Case For (Social) Entrepreneurship Education in Egyptian Universities. Education + Training, 53, 403–415. https://doi/org/10.1108/00400911111147712
Kuratko, D.F. (2005). The Emergence of Entrepreneurship Education: Development, Trends, and Challenges. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29, 577–598. https://doi/org/10.1111/j.15406520.2005.00099.x
Laredo, P. (2007). Revisiting the Third Mission of Universities: Toward a Renewed Categorisation of University Activities?. Higher Education Policy, 20, 441–456. https://doi/org/10.1057/palgrave.hep.8300169
Lee, L., Wong, P.K., Foo, M.D., Leung, A. (2011). Entrepreneurial Intentions: The Influence of Organisational and Individual Factors. Journal of Business Venturing, 26, 124–136. https://doi/org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.04.003
Lorz, M., Mueller, S., Volery, T. (2013). Entrepreneurship Education: A Systematic Review of the Methods in Impact Studies. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 21, 123–151. https://doi/org/10.1142/S0218495813500064
Macke J., Sarate J.A.R., Domeneghini J., Silva K.A. da. (2018). Where Do We Go from Now? Research Framework For Social Entrepreneurship. Journal of Cleaner Production, 183, 677–685. https://doi/org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.017
Mair, J., Marti, I. (2006). Social Entrepreneurship Research: A Source of Explanation, Prediction, and Delight. Journal of World Business, 41, 36–44. https://doi/org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.09.002
Man, T.W., Lau, T. (2005). The Context of Entrepreneurship in Hong Kong: An Investigation Through the Patterns of Entrepreneurial Competencies in Contrasting Industrial Environments. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 12, 464–481. https://doi/org/10.1108/14626000510628162
Man, T.W., Lau, T., Chan, K.F. (2002). The Competitiveness of Small and Medium Enterprises: A Conceptualisation with Focus on Entrepreneurial Competencies. Journal of Business Venturing, 17, 123–142. https://doi/org/10.1016/S0883-9026(00)00058–6
Markman, G.D., Phan, P.H., Balkin, D.B., Gianiodis, P.T. (2005). Entrepreneurship and UniversityBased Technology Transfer. Journal of Business Venturing, 20, 241–263. https://doi/org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2003.12.003
Marzocchi, C., Kitagawa, F., Sánchez-Barrioluengo, M. (2019). Evolving Missions and University Entrepreneurship: Academic Spin-Offs and Graduate Start-Ups in The Entrepreneurial Society. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 44, 167–188. https://doi/org/10.1007/s10961-017-9619-3
Mendoza, X.P.L., Sanchez, D.S.M. (2018). A Systematic Literature Review on Technology Transfer from University to Industry. International Journal of Business and Systems Research, 12, 197–225. https://doi/org/10.1504/IJBSR.2018.090699
Mihaela, D., Amalia, D. (2014; 2021, 8 October). Entrepreneurial University: Developing and Integrating the Third Mission in Higher Education Institutions. Management Strategies Journal, 26(4), 549554. Retrieved from: http://www.strategiimanageriale.ro/
Mitchelmore, S., Rowley, J. (2010). Entrepreneurial Competencies: A Literature Review and Development Agenda. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 16, 92–111. https://doi/org/10.1108/13552551011026995
Mueller, S., Anderson, A.R. (2014). Understanding the Entrepreneurial Learning Process and Its Impact on Students’ Personal Development: A European Perspective. The International Journal of Management Education, 12, 500–511. https://doi/org/10.1016/j.ijme.2014.05.003
Mwasalwiba, E.S. (2010). Entrepreneurship Education: A Review of Its Objectives, Teaching Methods, and Impact Indicators. Education + Training, 52, 20–47. https://doi/org/10.1108/00400911011017663
Nabi, G., Walmsley, A., Liñán, F., Akhtar, I., Neame, C. (2018). Does Entrepreneurship Education in the First Year of Higher Education Develop Entrepreneurial Intentions? The Role Of Learning And Inspiration. Studies in Higher Education, 43, 452–467. https://doi/org/10.1080/03075079.2016.1177716
Nejati, M., Shafaei, A., Salamzadeh, Y., Daraei, M. (2011). Corporate social responsibility and universities: A study of top 10 world universities’ websites. African Journal of Business Management, 5(2), 440–447.
Open Mind Newsletter 2. (2017; 2021, 8 October). Open Mind Newsletter 2. Retrieved from: http://zarzadzanie.uni.lodz.pl/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=hGsFUVJxwDU%3d&tabid=2709
Open Mind project team. (2018). Impact assessment – policy report. Unpublished project document.
Peart, J., Knowles, L. (2018, 2021, 10 October). Applying the Stakeholder Model to Social Entrepreneurship- A Practitioner Approach. Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 10(1–2), 85–95. Retrieved from: http://www.jmrpublication.org
Peterman, N.E., Kennedy, J. (2003). Enterprise Education: Influencing Students’ Perceptions of Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28, 129–144. https://doi/org/10.1046/j.1540–6520.2003.00035.x
Pittaway, L., Cope, J. (2007). Entrepreneurship Education: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. International Small Business Journal, 25, 479–510. https://doi/org/10.1177/0266242607080656
Premand, P., Brodmann, S., Almeida, R., Grun, R., Barouni, M. (2016). Entrepreneurship Education and Entry Into Self-Employment Among University Graduates. World Development, 77, 311–327. https://doi/org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.08.028
Reichel, J., Rudnicka-Reichel, A., Socha B. (2021). Gospodarka społeczna – nieodkryty potencjał rynku pracy [Social Economy – The Undiscovered Potential of the Labour Market]. Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny, 83(1), 277–292. https://doi/org/10.14746/rpeis.2021.83.1.20
Reichel J., Rudnicka-Reichel A., Socha, B. (2019). Are Social Economy Organizations a Viable Alternative on the Labour Market for Students from Non-Economic Fields of Study?. Research Results. Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development, 8(1), 2–7.
Robles, L., Zárraga-Rodríguez, M. (2015). Key Competencies for Entrepreneurship. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 828–832. https://doi/org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00389–5
Rubens, A., Spigarelli, F., Cavicchi, A., Rinaldi, C. (2017). Universities’ Third Mission and the Entrepreneurial University and The Challenges They Bring to Higher Education Institutions. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 11, 354–372. https://doi/org/10.1108/JEC-01-2017-0006
Sam, C., Van Der Sijde, P. (2014). Understanding the Concept of the Entrepreneurial University from the Perspective of Higher Education Models. Higher Education, 68, 891–908. https://doi/org/10.1007/s10734-014-9750-0
Seelos, C., Mair, J. (2005). Social Entrepreneurship: Creating New Business Models to Serve the Poor. Business Horizons, 48, 241–246. https://doi/org/10.1016/j.bushor.2004.11.006
Taucean, I.M., Strauti, A.G., Tion, M. (2018). Roadmap to Entrepreneurial University – Case Study. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 238, 582–589. https://doi/org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2018.04.038
Tkacz, M. (2016). New Generation of Social Entrepreneurs: Exploratory Research and Cross Case Study Analysis of New Generation of Social Enterprises. Ekonomia Społeczna, 2, 20–37. https://doi/org/10.15678/ES.2016.2.02
Von Graevenitz, G., Harhoff, D., Weber, R. (2010). The Effects of Entrepreneurship Education. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 76, 90–112. https://doi/org/10.1016/j.jebo.2010.02.015
Weerwardena, J., Mort, G.S. (2006). Investigating Social Entrepreneurship Model. Journal of World Business, 41, 21–35. https://doi/org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.09.001
Welsh, D.H., Dragusin, M. (2013; 2021, 10 October). The New Generation of Massive Open Online Course (MOOCS) and Entrepreneurship Education. Small Business Institute Journal, 9(1), 51–65. Retrieved from: http://www.sbij.org
Wright, M., Birley, S., Mosey, S. (2004). Entrepreneurship and University Technology Transfer. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 29, 235–246. https://doi/org/10.1023/B:JOTT.0000034121.02507.f3
Zahra, S.A., Gedajlovic, E., Neubaum, D.O., Shulman, J.M. (2009). A Typology of Social Entrepreneurs: Motives, Search Processes and Ethical Challenges. Journal of Business Venturing, 24, 519–532. https://doi/org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.04.007
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Entrepreneurship – Education
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles are published under the terms of the Creative Commons License (CC BY-ND 4.0; Attribution– NoDerivs).
