Human Capital in Poland Compared to other European Union Members
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24917/20833296.201.1Keywords:
cluster analysis, human capital, human capital index, knowledge‑based economy, linear orderingAbstract
The article presents the results of research aiming to diagnose the level of human capital in Poland against other European Union member states (EU-27). A critical review of the literature indicates that human capital plays an important role in economic development. The existing literature also reveals the importance not only of the level, but also of the quality of human capital in developing knowledge‑based economies. This has determined the selection of variables used to build a human capital index which was assumed to reflect the objectives of the “Europe 2020” strategy. Using taxonomic methods of linear ordering, a ranking of countries for 2022 was calculated. The hierarchical ordering was complemented by cluster analysis which captured the similarities of human capital between countries. The results of the research indicate a relatively low advancement of human capital in Poland and in the ranking of 27 countries, Poland occupies eighteenth place. As far as neighbouring countries are concerned, cluster analysis reveals that its human capital is closest to Hungary and Czechia. In conclusion, the results of the research suggest a need to develop human capital in Poland through further investment and the implementation of policies aimed at improving its quality.
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