The obligation to repair goods under EU directive R2R concerning the interests of manufacturers

Abstract

The Right to Repair (R2R) directive mandates that manufacturers repair certain products to reduce planned obsolescence, minimize waste and enhance sustainability. This article examines the economic and legal implications, focusing on challenges for businesses. Using legal analysis, case studies and economic modelling, the study finds that mandatory repair obligations may reduce new product sales and slow innovation. A case study on Apple shows that current repair costs exceed consumer expectations (around 20% of a new product’s price), and enforcing price limits could threaten manufacturers’ profit- ability. A key challenge is defining a “reasonable repair price” that remains affordable for consumers yet sustainable for businesses. Additionally, requiring manufacturers to provide spare parts and documentation weakens their competitive advantage. The study concludes that implementing the R2R directive without financial losses for manufacturers is unrealistic. While beneficial for consumers and the environment, it forces companies to adjust pricing strategies, product design and innovation cycles.